VATICAN CITY (AP) 鈥� Retired Pope Benedict XVI has reignited debate about the wisdom of having a reigning and retired pope living side-by-side, reaffirming the 鈥渘ecessity” of priestly celibacy at the precise moment that Pope Francis is weighing whether to ordain married men to address the Catholic priest shortage.
Benedict co-authored a bombshell book, 鈥淔rom the Depths of Our Hearts: Priesthood, Celibacy and the Crisis of the Catholic Church,” along with his fellow conservative, Guinean Cardinal Robert Sarah, who heads the Vatican’s liturgy office and has been a quiet critic of Francis.
The French daily Le Figaro published excerpts of the book late Sunday; The Associated Press obtained galleys of the English edition, which is being published Feb. 20 by Ignatius Press.
Benedict鈥檚 intervention is extraordinary, given he had promised to remain 鈥渉idden from the world鈥� when he retired in 2013, and pledged his obedience to the new pope. He has largely held to that pledge, though he penned an odd essay last year on the sexual abuse scandal that blamed the crisis on the sexual revolution of the 1960s.
His reaffirmation of priestly celibacy, however, gets to the heart of a fraught policy issue that Francis is expected to weigh in on in the coming weeks, and could well be considered a public attempt by the former pope to sway the thinking of the current one.
The implications for such an intervention are grave, given the current opposition to Francis by conservatives and traditionalists nostalgic for Benedict’s orthodoxy, some of whom even consider his resignation illegitimate.
It is likely to fuel renewed anxiety about the wisdom of Benedict’s decision to call himself 鈥渆meritus pope,” rather than merely a retired bishop, and the unprecedented situation he created by deciding to live in the Vatican gardens and wear the white cassock of the papacy.
In that light, it is significant that the English edition of the book lists the author as 鈥淏enedict XVI,” with no mention of his emeritus papal status on the cover.
The authors clearly anticipated the potential interpretation of their book as criticism of the current pope, and stressed in their joint introduction that they were penning it 鈥渋n a spirit of filial obedience, to Pope Francis.” But they also said that the current 鈥渃risis” in the church required they not remain silent.
Francis has said he would write a document based on the outcome of the October 2019 synod of bishops on the Amazon. A majority of bishops at the meeting called for the ordination of married men to address the priest shortage in the Amazon, where the faithful can go months without having a Mass.
Francis has expressed sympathy with the Amazonian plight , though it is not clear how he would come down on the issue. While he has long reaffirmed the gift of a celibate priesthood in the Latin rite church, he has stressed that celibacy is a tradition, not doctrine, and therefore can change, and that there could be pastoral reasons to allow for a exception in a particular place.
The Catholic Church already has married priests in its eastern rites, and Benedict himself made it easier for Anglicans to convert to Catholicism 鈥� including married Anglican priests who are allowed to remain married. But he has long held that Latin, or Roman rite priests, must be celibate.
Benedict addresses the issue head-on in his chapter in the brief book, explaining in scholarly and biblical terms what he says is the 鈥渘ecessary” foundation for the celibate priesthood that dates from the times of the apostles.
鈥淭he priesthood of Jesus Christ causes us to enter into a life that consists of becoming one with him and renouncing all that belongs only to us,” he writes. 鈥淔or priests, this is the foundation of the necessity of celibacy but also of liturgical prayer, meditation on the Word of God and the renunciation of material goods.鈥�
Marriage, he writes, requires man to give himself totally to his family. 鈥淪ince serving the Lord likewise requires the total gift of a man, it does not seem possible to carry on the two vocations simultaneously. Thus, the ability to renounce marriage so as to place oneself totally at the Lord鈥檚 disposition became a criterion for priestly ministry.鈥�
The jointly written introduction and conclusion of the book makes the case even stronger, acknowledging the crisis of the Catholic priesthood that it says has been 鈥渨ounded by the revelation of so many scandals, disconcerted by the constant questioning of their consecrated celibacy.鈥�
Dedicating the book to priests of the world, the two authors urge them to persevere, and for all faithful to hold firm and support them in their celibate ministry.
鈥淚t is urgent and necessary for everyone 鈥� bishops, priests and lay people 鈥� to stop letting themselves be intimidated by the wrong-headed pleas, the theatrical productions, the diabolical lies and the fashionable errors that try to put down priestly celibacy,鈥� they write.
鈥淚t is urgent and necessary for everyone 鈥� bishops, priests and lay people 鈥� to take a fresh look with the eyes of faith at the Church and at priestly celibacy which protects her mystery.鈥�
The book is being published at a moment of renewed interest in 鈥� and confusion about 鈥� the nature of the relationship between Francis and Benedict, thanks to the Netflix drama, 鈥淭he Two Popes.鈥�
The film, starring Anthony Hopkins as Benedict and Jonathan Pryce as Francis, imagines a days-long conversation between the two men before Benedict announced his historic resignation Feb. 11, 2013 鈥� conversations in which their different views of the state of the church become apparent.
Those meetings never happened, and the two men didn鈥檛 know one another well before Francis was elected pope. But while the film takes artistic liberties for the sake of narrative, it gets the point across that Francis and Benedict indeed have very different ideas 鈥� which the new book bears out .
Catholic social media was abuzz Monday after Benedict’s bombshell, with Francis’ supporters saying it showed the problems of having an 鈥渆meritus pope” seemingly undermining the current pope, and suggesting that Benedict 鈥� at age 92 and increasingly feeble 鈥� was being manipulated by his conservative entourage.
The book was published just a week after Benedict’s frailty was on full display in a German documentary, which showed him barely able to speak above a whisper and his longtime secretary, Archbishop Georg Gaenswein, doing most of the talking.
鈥淣ot only there is no canon law concerning the situation created by an incapacitated pope,” tweeted Villanova theolgian Massimo Faggioli. 鈥淭he Catholic Church evidently also needs a law concerning the situation created by an incapacitated 鈥榩ope emeritus’ and his entourage.”
Mark Brumley, the president of Ignatius Press, however, denounced such conspiracies and said Benedict isn’t being used.
鈥淲hy some folks choose to interpret the new book by Pope Emeritus Benedict and Cardinal Sarah in anti-Pope Francis ways speaks volumes,” he tweeted. 鈥淟et’s pray for healing for the critics that they can rejoice in a new work from two great churchmen of our time, including a major theologian.”
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